Linux中Oracle服务启动和停止脚本与开机自启动

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在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。

一、在Linux下启动Oracle

登录到CentOS，切换到oracle用户权限

# su – oracle

接着输入：

$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

原本的画面会变为
SQL>

接着请输入
SQL> startup

就可以正常的启动数据库了。

另外停止数据库的指令如下：

SQL> shutdown immediate

二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常

回到终端机模式，输入：

$ lsnrctl status

检查看看监听器是否有启动

如果没有启动，可以输入：

$ lsnrctl start

启动监听器

SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba

然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。

三、启动emctl

另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：

$ emctl start dbconsole

这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：

手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。

四、Oracle启动&停止脚本

1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。

# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y

# Entries are of the form:
#  $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:

2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.

#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
  echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
  exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" /var/log/oracle
echo "Done"

# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" /var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;

'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" /var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" /var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished."  /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------"  /var/log/oracle
;;

'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

3. 改变文件权限

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

4. 添加服务

# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on

5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作

# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle  //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle  //重启

6. 使用方法

# service oracle start    //启动oracle
 # service oracle stop    //关闭oracle
 # service oracle restart   //重启oracle

7. 测试

a. 开机自启动

Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;

   EMPNO ENAME   JOB       MGR HIREDATE     SAL    COMM   DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH   CLERK      7902 17-DEC-80    800          20
ALLEN   SALESMAN    7698 20-FEB-81    1600    300     30
WARD    SALESMAN    7698 22-FEB-81    1250    500     30
JONES   MANAGER     7839 02-APR-81    2975          20
MARTIN   SALESMAN    7698 28-SEP-81    1250    1400     30
BLAKE   MANAGER     7839 01-MAY-81    2850          30
CLARK   MANAGER     7839 09-JUN-81    2450          10
SCOTT   ANALYST     7566 19-APR-87    3000          20
KING    PRESIDENT      17-NOV-81    5000          10
TURNER   SALESMAN    7698 08-SEP-81    1500     0     30
ADAMS   CLERK      7788 23-MAY-87    1100          20
JAMES   CLERK      7698 03-DEC-81    950          30
FORD    ANALYST     7566 03-DEC-81    3000          20
MILLER   CLERK      7782 23-JAN-82    1300          10
rows selected.

SQL>

b. service oracle stop

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ... 
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ... 
Done.

[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available


SQL>

c. service oracle start

SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ... 
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ... 
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#

d. service oracle restart

[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ... 
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ... 
Done.

Starting Oracle Databases ... 
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ... 
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#